Vet cost estimator: what a procedure costs where you live

A dog dental cleaning is $307 to $702 nationally and an ACL repair is $1,000 to $10,000 — spreads wide enough to be useless the moment you need a figure for your own animal. The estimator below narrows either one to your state, your pet’s weight band and its age, off the same published price rows printed further down this page. No email, no account, nothing held back.

What the estimator does

It looks up one procedure in our own price dataset, picks the most local row published for it, and adjusts that row for your pet where the procedure’s own price drivers say size or age genuinely matter. That is the whole mechanism. There is no model, no regression and no crowd-sourced average — every number it returns traces to a row you can read below and a source you can open.

What it is not is a quote. A clinic sets its own fees, and three things routinely push a real invoice outside any range here: arriving as an emergency rather than on a schedule, a board-certified specialist rather than a general practitioner, and nights in hospital. Those are the same three multipliers that make two quotes for one operation differ, and none of them is knowable from a dropdown.

What low, typical and high mean

Low is the bottom of the published evidence for that geography — usually a nonprofit, a municipal clinic or a high-volume practice, and usually with a narrower service than the typical figure buys. Typical is the middle of the published prices, and it is the number to plan against. High is a real published price at the top of the band, not a worst case: specialty hospitals, complications and metro pricing all live there.

The distance between low and high is the finding, not a hedge. The cheapest thing in the dropdown starts at $2 (Low-Cost Dog Rabies Vaccination) and the dearest reaches $10,000 (Dog ACL (Cranial Cruciate Ligament) Surgery); inside a single procedure the spread is frequently three-fold, which is why a single average is the least useful number anyone publishes about veterinary prices.

Published prices and indexed prices

Every regional row in this dataset carries a basis, and the estimator shows it with the result rather than burying it. It is the one field that says how much to trust the row.

• published — a real price for that geography, taken from a clinic or teaching-hospital fee schedule, a municipal clinic’s posted price or a named price survey, and cited in the Sources section. 99 of the 111 rows behind this estimator are published.
• indexed — the national range shifted by a measured regional cost ratio, used where nobody has published a local price for that procedure. 12 rows are index-derived, and both the table below and the estimator mark them.

We do not blend the two into one clean-looking number. An indexed row is a defensible estimate of a price rather than a price, and a reader deciding whether to drive two states for a cheaper quote deserves to know which one they are looking at.

Why weight and age move the number

The ladders below are applied only when a procedure’s own sourced price drivers name body weight or the animal’s age — 7 of 12 procedures for weight, 4 for age. Everywhere else the multiplier is exactly 1.00 and the tool says so, because a rabies vaccination is one fee whatever the dog weighs and an extraction is priced per tooth.

Weight, from under 25 lb to over 90 lb for dogs (a cat ladder runs the same bands at feline weights), normalised so a medium animal is 1.00:

• Routine care (dentals, spays, vaccines) — 0.88x to 1.28x.
• Surgery and specialist treatment — 0.92x to 1.20x.
• Imaging and diagnostics — 0.96x to 1.10x.
• Euthanasia and aftercare — 0.85x to 1.50x.

Age moves far less, and for one concrete reason: the pre-anaesthetic bloodwork most practices require past roughly seven years. That is about +12% on routine work, +4% on surgery and +5% on imaging for an animal in the “over 7 years” band. Cremation and euthanasia pricing does not move with age at all.

Every price behind the estimator

All 111 regional rows the estimator can draw on, printed as plain tables. Rows marked index-derived scale the national range by a cited regional cost index rather than a published local price. Each procedure links to its own page, where the same record is broken into an itemised invoice, the drivers that move the total and its full source list.

Dog Dental Cleaning — $307 to $702

A professional dental cleaning for a dog: full-mouth scaling, probing and polishing done under general anesthesia, usually with dental X-rays. Typical bill nationally: $388. See the full Dog Dental Cleaning price record.

Cat Spay or Neuter — $45 to $576

Elective sterilisation of a cat - ovariohysterectomy for females, castration for males - performed under general anesthesia. Typical bill nationally: $322. See the full Cat Spay or Neuter price record.

Dog Spay or Neuter — $75 to $874

Elective sterilisation of a dog - ovariohysterectomy for females, castration for males - performed under general anesthesia. Typical bill nationally: $455. See the full Dog Spay or Neuter price record.

Dog Cremation — $45 to $525

Cremation of a dog's body, either communal with no ashes returned or private with the ashes returned to the owner. Typical bill nationally: $250. See the full Dog Cremation price record.

Dog Euthanasia — $110 to $750

Veterinary euthanasia for a dog, carried out either in a clinic or at home by a mobile veterinarian, usually with sedation beforehand. Typical bill nationally: $225. See the full Dog Euthanasia price record.

Low-Cost Dog Rabies Vaccination — $2 to $43

A rabies shot for a dog bought outside a full-service practice - at a county or municipal clinic, a nonprofit vaccine clinic or a retail vaccination clinic - where published fees run from $2 to $43. Typical bill nationally: $20. See the full Low-Cost Dog Rabies Vaccination price record.

Puppy Vaccination Series — $40 to $475

The full primary vaccination course a puppy needs between 6 and 16 weeks of age - at least three doses of the DHPP combination plus rabies - priced end to end rather than shot by shot. Typical bill nationally: $291. See the full Puppy Vaccination Series price record.

Dog ACL (Cranial Cruciate Ligament) Surgery — $1,000 to $10,000

Surgical stabilisation of a dog's knee after cranial cruciate ligament rupture, by lateral suture, TPLO or TTA depending on the dog's size and the surgeon's preference. Typical bill nationally: $3,525. See the full Dog ACL (Cranial Cruciate Ligament) Surgery price record.

Cat Rabies Vaccination — $2 to $109

A rabies vaccination for a cat, required by law in most US states and municipalities, sold in an adjuvanted form and a more expensive non-adjuvanted form that many practices now stock exclusively. Typical bill nationally: $31. See the full Cat Rabies Vaccination price record.

Dog Ultrasound — $383 to $880

An ultrasound scan for a dog, most often a full abdominal study, sometimes with sedation and an ultrasound-guided sample taken at the same time. Typical bill nationally: $483. See the full Dog Ultrasound price record.

Dog Heartworm Treatment — $300 to $1,800

Killing adult heartworms in a dog with a course of melarsomine injections, plus the two months of drugs, imaging and exercise restriction that go around them. Typical bill nationally: $1,200. See the full Dog Heartworm Treatment price record.

Cat Hyperthyroidism Treatment — $1,000 to $4,000

What it costs to diagnose and treat an overactive thyroid in a cat, where one option is a lifelong tablet and another is a single dose of radioiodine that cures the disease outright. Typical bill nationally: $2,100. See the full Cat Hyperthyroidism Treatment price record.

What insurance would pay back

The estimate is what you are billed, not what you pay. A policy takes the deductible off first and reimburses a percentage of the rest, which is why a $500 invoice frequently returns nothing at all and a $3,000 one returns most of itself. The waiting period decides whether a specific claim is payable, and for orthopaedic conditions it is a separate, longer clause than the 14 days carriers advertise. We compare all of that, carrier by carrier, on what 17 carriers pay on Dog ACL (Cranial Cruciate Ligament) Surgery.

How these numbers were built

Prices are researched from published US fee schedules, teaching-hospital price lists, municipal and nonprofit clinic postings, and named price surveys — never from another site’s estimate. The most recent verification across the 12 records on this page is 2026-08-28. How we rank evidence, and what we refuse to cite, is in our editorial policy and the standing source list.

The caveats each record carries about its own data quality are reproduced here, because a disclosure that only exists on a page you did not open is not a disclosure:

Dog Dental Cleaning

Regional and state figures come from a 50-state price study conducted by ASQ360 for Synchrony's CareCredit in 2025. The study reports one average per state, so the state-to-state spread reflects a geographic cost index applied to a national average rather than an independent survey inside each state - the same index appears in all eight CareCredit procedure tables we checked. Regional rows shift the national range by that measured ratio. The itemized invoice decomposes a full-service dental; the $307 low end reflects practices that bundle the visit and omit dental radiographs or bloodwork, so not every line appears on every invoice.

Cat Spay or Neuter

Regional and state figures come from a 50-state price study conducted by ASQ360 for Synchrony's CareCredit in 2025. The study reports one average per state, so the state-to-state spread reflects a geographic cost index applied to a national average rather than an independent survey inside each state. Regional rows shift the national range by that measured ratio. The low end of the national range is not a discounted private practice - it is the published fee at a nonprofit or municipal high-volume clinic, and those fee schedules are cited individually below.

Dog Spay or Neuter

Regional and state figures come from a 50-state price study conducted by ASQ360 for Synchrony's CareCredit in 2025. The study reports one average per state, so the state-to-state spread reflects a geographic cost index applied to a national average rather than an independent survey inside each state. Regional rows shift the national range by that measured ratio. The low end of the national range is not a discounted private practice - it is the published fee at a nonprofit or municipal high-volume clinic, and those fee schedules are cited individually below.

Dog Cremation

Cremation is priced by body weight, not by region - every published schedule we found is a weight table, and the weight tier moves the price further than the state does. No 50-state cremation survey exists, so the four census-region rows are indexed from the national range using the geographic ratio measured across eight CareCredit/ASQ360 2025 procedure tables and should be treated as estimates; the named rows below them are real published weight-tiered schedules and are the more reliable figures. Cornell's schedule is for hydrocremation (alkaline hydrolysis) rather than flame cremation. No published standalone cremation price list was found for a Southern provider, and Humane Colorado publishes cremation only bundled with euthanasia, so its row is a bundle rather than a cremation-only price.

Dog Euthanasia

There are two real national anchors here, not one: CareCredit's 2025 survey puts in-clinic euthanasia at $139 (range $110-$253) and at-home euthanasia at $410 (range $325-$747). No source publishes how often owners choose each, so the typical figure shown sits between them - treat $139 and $410 as the two figures that are actually measured. The four census-region rows apply the ratio from CareCredit's published in-clinic state table; the named state rows apply the ratio from its at-home state table; the metro rows are individual providers' own published price lists. Lap of Love's blog quotes $530 for Chicagoland while its Chicago service page shows $560; the higher, page-level figure is used here.

Low-Cost Dog Rabies Vaccination

Every row here is a published fee read off the provider's own site, so this record carries no indexed rows. What that buys in accuracy it costs in coverage: these are the providers that publish, and a peer-reviewed 2026 survey in Frontiers in Veterinary Science found only 3 of 157 US small-animal clinics with websites (1.91%) publish any price at all, so no published set is a representative national sample. The census-region rows are the range across the specific municipal, nonprofit and retail providers found in that region, not a survey of it. County clinic fees and dates change every season - the Boston and Orange County figures are tied to specific 2026 clinic calendars. Finally, the true floor is zero in places: Cook County, Illinois runs free rabies clinics and Montgomery County, Maryland waives the fee entirely with a licence purchase. The schema requires a positive number, so the $2 low is the cheapest non-zero published price found, not the cheapest price available.

Puppy Vaccination Series

No aggregator publishes a puppy-series total, so the totals here are built by adding each provider's own published per-visit or per-dose fees for the AAHA schedule - never by mixing providers. Where a provider publishes a bundle price (Petco Vetco's $269 and $289 Puppy Bundles) that price is used directly. The $40 Loudoun County figure is three published $10 DHPP doses plus a published $10 rabies dose; the $474 Love City and $475 Tequesta figures are those practices' own published exam and vaccine fees summed across three visits. Every underlying number is published; the addition is ours and is stated here so it can be checked. Two caveats on top: schedules vary with the age at first visit, so a puppy started at 10 weeks costs less than one started at 6, and a 2026 peer-reviewed survey in Frontiers in Veterinary Science found only 1.91% of US small-animal clinics publish any price online, so the private-practice end of this range rests on two clinics rather than a sample. The one-year booster AAHA requires is not included in any figure on this page.

Dog ACL (Cranial Cruciate Ligament) Surgery

Regional and state rows headed by a census region come from a 50-state price study conducted by ASQ360 for Synchrony's CareCredit in 2025. That study publishes one average per state, so the state-to-state spread is a geographic cost index applied to a national average rather than an independent survey inside each state; the same index recurs in all eight CareCredit procedure tables we checked. Regional rows shift the national range by that measured ratio. CareCredit's 50-state table measures TPLO specifically, so the census-region and state rows here track the osteotomy end of the market; the $1,000 national low reflects a lateral suture repair in general practice, which no state-level survey covers. The three metro rows are individual hospitals' own published prices.

Cat Rabies Vaccination

All rows are published provider fees; nothing on this page is indexed or estimated. Two honest limits. First, the legal claim: rabies vaccination of cats is required by law in most US states and municipalities, and the 2016 JAVMA compendium argues it should be required everywhere on the grounds that more rabid cats than dogs are reported each year - 247 cats against 89 dogs in 2013 - but the compendium also says its recommendations do not supersede state and local law, and a state-by-state legal survey could not be independently verified, so this record does not claim every jurisdiction requires it. Second, cat owners have materially fewer low-cost options than dog owners: several free municipal clinics, including Chicago Animal Care and Control's, take dogs only, so the $2-$10 floor is real but harder to reach for a cat. The $109 high is a single clinic's published three-year PureVax price and should be read as the top of the observed market, not as a typical figure.

Dog Ultrasound

Census-region and state rows come from a 50-state price study conducted by ASQ360 for Synchrony's CareCredit in 2025. That study publishes one average per state, so the state-to-state spread is a geographic cost index applied to a national average rather than an independent survey inside each state. The two metro rows are individual practices' own published fee schedules and are not comparable to each other: the Michigan row is a scheduled specialty study, the North Carolina row an emergency workup that bundles the scan with the rest of the visit. No qualifying source publishes a separate general-practice ultrasound price, so the national low reflects the bottom of CareCredit's surveyed range rather than a measured general-practice figure.

Dog Heartworm Treatment

The national typical and high come from CareCredit citing the American Heartworm Society: $1,200 to $1,800 for a 40-pound dog at a full-service practice. The low of $300 is the smallest published weight band at SPCA of Texas. That spread is real and it is not a regional effect - it is the gap between a nonprofit clinic and a private practice, and CareCredit says so directly, putting reduced-cost protocols at $225 to $614. Two caveats on the price data. CareCredit publishes a 50-state table on its heartworm page, but the figures in it are heartworm TESTING costs, not treatment costs, and they are not used here; the four census-region rows are instead indexed from the national range using the CareCredit/ASQ360 geographic ratio and are estimates. And SPCA of Texas's page carries a notice that its heartworm treatment is unavailable until further notice, so its published prices are a real price list but not currently a bookable one. Nothing we could verify prices treatment of Class 3 or caval-syndrome heartworm disease, where the dog needs hospitalisation or surgical worm removal, so the high on this page reflects an uncomplicated adult infection only.

Cat Hyperthyroidism Treatment

This is a chronic-condition record, so its national range means something different from the rest of the dataset: it is the FIRST-YEAR TOTAL - diagnosis and workup plus twelve months of treatment and monitoring - not the cost of a single procedure. Year two onward is carried separately in the ongoing cost figure. The $1,000 low is a cat worked up and kept on methimazole at the cheap end of the published drug prices; the $2,100 typical is Feline HTC's published all-in radioiodine total, which also sits close to the middle of every path; the $4,000 high is Iowa State's $3,500 plus the rechecks. That the medical and the radioiodine paths cost roughly the same in year one is the point of the page - the difference is entirely in what happens afterwards. Seven of the eleven regional rows are published prices taken from the radioiodine facilities themselves, which is unusually good coverage for this dataset; they are labelled as radioiodine paths because that is what they price, and they are single clinics, not regional averages. The four census-region rows are indexed from the national range using the CareCredit/ASQ360 geographic ratio and are estimates - and they are a worse estimate here than elsewhere, because the published facility prices show radioiodine pricing does not track local cost of living at all. One figure we deliberately did not use: Feline HTC's y/d page still quotes an I-131 treatment fee of $850, which contradicts the $1,700-$1,900 on its own current cost-of-treatment and FAQ pages and appears to be stale. The 18-month crossover quoted above is from that same page, but it holds at the current published prices and Riverside Cat Hospital states a two-year crossover independently.

Estimator payload on this page: 11.81 KB of JSON for 12 procedures, against 56.33 KB for all 64. The tool itself loads after the page does, and never before.

Common questions

Sources

Every price on this page traces to one of the 89 sources below, across the 12 records the estimator offers. No comparison blog, content farm or AI-generated page is cited anywhere in this dataset.

1. Appointment and Cost Information — Aggie Animal Dental Center, Mill Valley, California, 2026.
2. Feline Vaccination Schedule for General Practice, based on the 2020 AAHA/AAFP Feline Vaccination Guidelines — American Animal Hospital Association and American Association of Feline Practitioners, 2020.
3. 2022 AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines (JAAHA 2022;58:1-19) — American Animal Hospital Association, PDF hosted by Merck Animal Health, 2022.
4. 2016 AAFP Guidelines for the Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism — American Association of Feline Practitioners, 2016.
5. Information for Pet Owners: Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging — American College of Veterinary Radiology (ACVR), 2026.
6. Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease — American College of Veterinary Surgeons, 2026.
7. Frequently Asked Questions on Heartworm Treatment in Shelters — American Heartworm Society, 2026.
8. Pricing — Angel's Paws, Cincinnati, 2026.
9. City of Boston Low-Cost Rabies Clinic — Animal Rescue League of Boston with the City of Boston, 2026.
10. Fees and Services — Animal Ultrasound Services, Williamston, Michigan, 2026.
11. I-131 Cat Therapy — atomicVet, Mountain Home, Arkansas, 2026.
12. Cat Vaccine Costs — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2026.
13. Emergency Vet Visit Cost — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
14. How Does Heartworm Treatment Work, and What Does It Cost? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
15. How Much Do Dog and Puppy Vaccinations Cost? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2026.
16. How Much Does a Dog Ultrasound Cost? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
17. How Much Does Cat or Dog Teeth Cleaning Cost? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
18. How Much Does Dog ACL Surgery Cost? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
19. How Much Does Dog Euthanasia Cost? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
20. How Much Does Dog Tooth Extraction Cost? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
21. How Much Does It Cost to Spay or Neuter a Cat? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
22. How Much Does It Cost to Spay or Neuter a Dog? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
23. How Much Is Pet Cremation? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2025.
24. Veterinary Costs: The Average Cost of Vet Visits and Procedures — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2026.
25. What Is Heartworm Disease in Dogs? — CareCredit (Synchrony), 2026.
26. Pet Vaccine Clinic Dates — City of Chicago Animal Care and Control, 2026.
27. Dentistry and Oral Surgery — Colorado State University Veterinary Health System, 2026.
28. Community Healthcare and Enrichment Center Veterinary Services — Columbus Humane, Columbus, Ohio, 2026.
29. Spay/Neuter Fees — Contra Costa County, California, 2025.
30. Low-Cost Rabies Clinic — Cook County, Illinois Department of Animal and Rabies Control, 2026.
31. Hyperthyroidism in Cats — Cornell Feline Health Center, Cornell University, 2026.
32. New Rabies Vaccine for Cats — Cornell Feline Health Center, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2026.
33. Spaying and Neutering — Cornell Feline Health Center, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2025.
34. HydroCremation Service — Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2026.
35. Feline Hyperthyroidism — Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Internal Medicine, 2026.
36. Service Pricing — Covina Animal Hospital, Covina, California, 2026.
37. TPLO Surgery — CVETS, Columbia, South Carolina, 2026.
38. Pricing and Transparency — Dallas Veterinary Clinic, Dallas, Texas, 2025.
39. Does Pet Insurance Cover Euthanasia, Cremation and Death? — Embrace Pet Insurance, 2026.
40. What Pet Insurance Covers — Embrace Pet Insurance, 2026.
41. Radioactive Iodine (I131) Treatment for Hyperthyroid Disease — Exclusively Cats Veterinary Hospital, Waterford, Michigan, 2026.
42. Vaccine and Microchip Clinics — Fairfax County, Virginia Animal Services, 2026.
43. Cost of Treatment and Ways to Pay — Feline Hyperthyroid Treatment Center, Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, 2026.
44. Hill's Prescription Diet y/d — Feline Hyperthyroid Treatment Center, Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, 2026.
45. Vaccine Clinics — Haven Humane Society, Redding, California, 2026.
46. Vaccination Clinic Pricing — Humane Animal Partners, Delaware, 2026.
47. End of Life Services — Humane Colorado, 2026.
48. Spay/Neuter Clinic — Humane Colorado, 2025.
49. Feline I-131 Therapy — Iowa State University Veterinary Medical Center, 2026.
50. Cat Radioactive Iodine Treatment — Kentwood Cat Clinic, Kentwood, Michigan, 2026.
51. How Much Does In-Home Pet Euthanasia Cost? — Lap of Love, 2026.
52. In-Home Pet Euthanasia in Chicago and Surrounding Suburbs — Lap of Love, 2026.
53. In-Home Pet Euthanasia in Philadelphia and Surrounding Areas — Lap of Love, 2026.
54. What Is the Difference Between Private and Communal Cremation? — Lap of Love, 2026.
55. Low-Cost Resources — Loudoun County, Virginia, 2026.
56. Philadelphia Pricing — Love City Vet, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2026.
57. Animal Registration — McLean County, Illinois, 2025.
58. How Much Does Dog ACL Surgery Cost? — MetLife Pet Insurance, 2026.
59. Hyperthyroidism in Cats: Symptoms and Treatment Costs — MetLife Pet Insurance, 2026.
60. Pet Vaccinations — Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2026.
61. Puppy Vaccine Protocol and Price List — Midvalley Animal Clinic, Taylorsville, Utah, 2026.
62. Wellness Vaccine Clinics — Montgomery County, Maryland Animal Services, 2026.
63. Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control, 2016 — National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians, JAVMA 248(5):505, 2016.
64. Low-Cost Clinics — Orange County, North Carolina Animal Services, 2026.
65. Spay and Neuter Assistance — Oregon Humane Society, 2025.
66. Spay and Neuter My Pet — Pasadena Humane, 2025.
67. PetVet Vaccination Clinic Pricing, East Ellijay, Georgia — PetVet by VIP Petcare at Tractor Supply, 2026.
68. PetVet Vaccination Clinic Pricing, Fort Wayne, Indiana — PetVet by VIP Petcare at Tractor Supply, 2026.
69. PetVet Vaccination Clinic Pricing, Oak Ridge, Tennessee — PetVet by VIP Petcare at Tractor Supply, 2026.
70. PetVet Vaccination Clinic Pricing, York, Pennsylvania — PetVet by VIP Petcare at Tractor Supply, 2026.
71. Contralateral Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Dogs — PLoS ONE, 2011.
72. Spay/Neuter — Providence Animal Rescue League, 2025.
73. Radioiodine Treatment for Feline Hyperthyroidism — Riverside Cat Hospital, Okemos, Michigan, 2026.
74. Low-Cost Euthanasia Services — Seattle Veterinary Outreach, 2026.
75. Spay/Neuter Price List — Spay N Save, Longwood, Florida, 2025.
76. Clinic Services and Pricing — SPCA of Texas, 2025.
77. Heartworm Treatment — SPCA of Texas, Dallas, 2026.
78. How Much Does Pet Dental Care Cost? — Spot Pet Insurance, 2025.
79. Veterinary Clinic Price List — Tequesta Veterinary Clinic, Florida, 2026.
80. Spaying and Neutering Your Pet — Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, 2025.
81. Prices and Payment Options — The Cat Company, Akron, Ohio, 2026.
82. Pricing and Payments — The Cat Thyroid Center, Tampa, Florida, 2026.
83. Radiology Service — Triangle Veterinary Referral Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, 2026.
84. Services and Pricing: Spay/Neuter — UCAN, Cincinnati, 2025.
85. Vaccination Packages and Prices, Chicago, Illinois — Vetco Vaccination Clinics (Petco), 2026.
86. Vaccination Packages and Prices, Garey, California — Vetco Vaccination Clinics (Petco), 2026.
87. Canine Tests and Fees — Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, 2026.
88. Changing Views On CCL Repair — Veterinary Practice News, 2011.
89. Client Consent Form, Modified TPLO Study — Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 2025.